In addition it is the end station of the Bolivian oil pipeline beginning in Oruro. The city serves a free port for Bolivia and manages a substantial part of that country's trade. Īrica is an important port for a large inland region of South America.

These valleys provide citrus and olives for export. At the location of the city are two valleys that dissect the Atacama Desert converge: Azapa and Lluta. Arica is located at the bend of South America's western coast known as the Arica Bend or Arica Elbow. The city is the capital of both the Arica Province and the Arica and Parinacota Region. It is Chile's northernmost city, being located only 18 km (11 mi) south of the border with Peru. The project then provides an analysis of the various economic impacts of second homes in four study sites mentioned.Arica ( / ə ˈ r iː k ə/ ə- REE-kə Spanish: ) is a commune and a port city with a population of 222,619 in the Arica Province of northern Chile's Arica y Parinacota Region. It is then argued that the stage was set for second homes to emerge as a new phenomenon in the countryside which further enhances the trend towards post-productivism. Movement towards consumptive leisure practices such as tourism and leisure functions has led to a diversification of farming practices resulting in a countryside in which agricultural production has decreased in importance. It is then suggested that although the productivist countryside was under strain towards the final years of apartheid, the dismantling of apartheid agricultural policy and financial support for white farmers led them to seek out other economic opportunities. It is argued that the initial development of productivist countrysides was linked to the apartheid regime’s concerns over white land ownership, black labour distribution and food security. This study develops this contention by focusing on the role of second homes tourism as a contributor to developing a South African post-productivist countryside using four study areas, namely, Rhodes, Greyton, Dullstroom and Clarens. Nevertheless, it has recently been proposed that post- productivism, although difficult to discern in its early stages, has gathered sufficient momentum to warrant scholarly attention in the local context. Issues concerning post-productivism have not seen any direct systematic research attention in South Africa.

The definition of township in arica